Treating oils, &amp;c.



f c ELLIS. TR'EATING ons., am. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3. |913..

GARLETONELLIS, or MoN'rcLAIn, NEW JERSEY.

rREArINe" OILS, au.

To all whom it may concern: y

Be it known that I, CRLETON ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Treating Oils,etc., of' which cation.

This invention relates to the production of gasolene and similarmaterial by the thermal decomposition of heavieroils by whichdecomposition products of lower boiling point together with gaseousbodies" are formed and relates in particular to thermal decompositionfollowed ifr desired by compression of the gaseous bodies evolvedwhereby the light condensable products are removed; thereby permittingif desired the use of the fixed gases for subsequent contact with thevapors ofthe raw materialentering the apparatus in which the thermalAdecomposition is `carried` out; thereby through partial pressure andmass action tending to reduce the loss of the )raw material'by avoidingto a large extent decom-, position into fixed gas while Ialso aidingineffecting the selective disintegrationof thel oilsubstantially into theproducts desired.

.The decomposition of oils heavier than gasolene, as for instancekerosene, to produce gasolene andthe like gives risejtoproducts whichoften form a smoke or fog -in the gases which are evolved, this fogpassing through the water condenser even when the water-cooling Amediumis chilled with ice,

and sometimes even .after passing throughA scrubbing towers containingoil which ordinarily would be expected to remove such suspendedparticles.v

. lng the The loss ofthe light products in this way often isconsiderable and" by the present `invention a substantially completerecovery of the. products forming this peculiar resistant mist may beeffected and the misti freed gases are put into a condition where theymay be used to advantage for creat-l mass action effect referred toabove, or to furnish power for compressing the wet gas or for heatingorfor other purposes.

In carrying out my invention, I may pass the oil, as for examplekerosene, through heated conduits to .raise the temperature of l thelkerosene vapors to say 5540-600 C. adpreferably contact thesevaporswith` suitable catalytic material if desired in the presthefollowing is a specifi-V be further chilled 'ble products are in toenter the heat decomposing --such a way that the -pressure of thesegases tained through generated heat, as for instance, by making aSpeciiioation of Letters Patent. Patented Feb.y 2K0., 1917. l

'appiicationmea :rune s, 1313.V semina. 771,435.'

ence of Water vapor. The vapors containing the products of'dissociationare removed,

passed through the usual (air and) water condenser where preferably thegasolenes Yare largelyl separated from the heavier oil and the gasescontaining the resistant mistforming. particles are conveyed to acompressorby means of which the gases are brought to apressureofgpreferably 300k l lbs. per square inch or .more During thisstep or subsequent to it, the gases may ucts which are cumstances, addedto the naryA condensation. The gases which are,

and the light liquid prodseparated under these cirl are collected andmay then be`- light products derivedby ordilargely or wholly freedfromthe condensa-l 4 part at least `carried to the heat decomposingportion of the apparatus and mixed with the vapors of. the raw materialentering same. Approximately the 'same volume ofl gas may be added tothe raw material as would be produced by the decomposition ofthe -raw'material without the added gas sothat in the case of kero- '10 per Icent. ofy reamount of gas mixed with the oil in advance of heating aswould tend to` aid in the re-A duction of the gross amount of gasgenerated during the operation.

The entire apparatus may be operated under pressure, as for instance, byallowing the gas compressed, during the operation after removing themist-forming particles apparatus in decomposing if desired, underresistor bed of coke or other resistant granular material and passing anelectric current therethroughso that the rough surface of the coke orsimilar ymaterial may become heated to a red heat or other suitabletemperature, causing thel vapors of the oil to pass through thisz'onewhere they are subjectedto the combined effect of heat, catalyticsurfaces and electric action. By running the resistance heater under ahigh cur-l .'rent density a greatvolume "of the heat va- I regulation fthe the cold raw material entering the apparatus. Super-heated vaporsmay e, if desired, further heated by the surplus gas derived during theprocess so that these vapors enter the electrical zone at a temperaturewhich requires but little further rise of temperature within the zone ofelectrification, and thus economy in the energy cost v of the process issecured.

The accompanying drawing shows partly 1n elevation and partly 11i'vertical section a -form of organization adapted for carrying out theprocess herein. In the drawings 1 is a receptacle containing theresistor material 2. A pipe 3 for the admission of oil or oil vaporsconnects with the recuperator 4 in which is situated the coil 6connected by the pipe 5 with the heating element 1. From the recuperatorthe outlet pipe leads to the air condenser 7 and water condenser 8. 9 isa trap for the removal of the condensed material. A vent pipe 10 leadsto the compressor pump 11'which in turn connects with the heatingelement 1 by means of a pipe 14 in which is interposed chilling orrefrigerating apparatus 12 of any suit- The pipe 14 is provided with theliquid draw-off pipe 13 and with the gas take-ofi' pipe 13. Invoperating the process according to this apparatus the resistor mal' eoterial 2 which may be coke or other suitable material. is brought to therequisite temperature by the passage of an through the mass, leads forthis purpose being shown at 15 and 16. The oil or oil vapors introducedinto the chamber 4 pass A through the pipe 3 into the heating ele-ment 1and are duly decomposed, preferably in the presence of gases enteringbythe pipe 14. The products of decomposition pass through the recuperatorcoil 6, the air condenser 7, the water` condenser 8 and finally theliquid gas portion taken by the pipe 10 to the pump 11 are thencompressed to separate as much liquid material as possible. The liquidmaterial is withdrawn at 13 and such be desired for use returned by theAnother feature of my invention is that of maintaining a sufficientpressure in the decomposing apparatus or tubes as to substantiallyprevent the kerosene or other oil material which is being treated, frombeing converted into vapor, so that the liquid oil Hows along ai conduitbeing gradually heated large quantities of electric current y'composition products of petroleum oil to higher and higher temperaturespreferably below the tar forming point until a substantial part has beenconverted into gasolene and other light oils. The operation underpressure as a traveling stream enables oil to be heated and exposed ifdesired to catalytic action without undesirable formation of tar orcoke.

As -an illustration of the preferred form of m invention and one whichincludes the several features enumerated above, kerosene oil of 43Baume, in conjunction with about 10% of its weight'of oil gas and asmaller quantity approximately 5%, of steam is passed through a tubecontaining resistor material of coke, which is electrically heated. Theoil is vaporized and mixes with the oil gas. In contact with the roughsurfaces of the heated coke, the kerosene is broken down, yielding aquantity of gasolene. A temperature of 500O 'to 60()o or more ispreferably maintained in' the heating zone. The products ofdecomposition pass to an air condenser where heavier portions areremoved, then go to a water condenser, where the bulk of the gasolene iscondensed. The gases which entrain some of the condensable products arecompressed to 300 pounds and light gasolene obtained as above. The oilgas remaining is in part (approximately one fourth) returned to theheating zone to there meet with fresh quantities of oil vapor. ,Thedecomposition of oils in contact with their own products of heatdecomposition or gaseous products, intentionally added to restrain anddirect certain reactions, enables a control over the operation which hasdivers useful or commercial applications.

lVhat I claim is:

v 1. -The herein described process of makin gasolene-like material whichconsists in su jecting decomposition products of petroleumoil heavierthan gasolene and containing mist forming bodies in the presence ofadded gaseous decomposition products of petroleum oil heavier thangasolene to compression whereby mist forming bodies are condensed.

2. The herein described process of making gasolene-like material whichconsists in subjecting decomposition products of petroleum oil heavierthan asolene and containing mist forming bo ies in the presence of addedgaseous decomposition products of petroleum oil heavier. than gasoleneto the cooling action of a condenser and to compression whereby mistforming bodies are condensed.

3. The herein described process of making gasolene-like material whichconsists in subjecting a petroleum oil heavier than gasolene in thepresence of added gaseous deheavier than gasolene to a decomposing tem-1 peruture and compressing the resultin products and separating the thuscondensed portion from the uncondensed portion.

4. The herein described process of making gasolene-like material whichconsists in subjectinga petroleum oil heavier than gaso- Iene in thepresence of added petroleum gaseous decomposition products to adecomposing temperature, coolingl and compressing the resulting productsand separating the'` thus condensed portion from the uncondensedportion.

the like which comprlses heating an oil heavier than gasolene, as` forinstance kerosene, to a decomposing temperature in passing the productsof decomposition through a condenser and in separating the liquidportion from the gas, in compressing the gas and removing furtherliqueiable products, and in adding a quantity of the gas to removing themixing a portion at least of the so-treated' 5. The, process of makinggasolene and lthe raw material entering the zone of heat. decomposition.

the `like which comprises heating kerosene to produce lighter products,in condensing thel readily liquefiable products by passage 6. Theprocess of making gasolene and.'

through a Watercooler condenser, inv subjecting the residual gasescarrying dissolved -i and suspended /condensable products to a pressureof approximately 300 pounds, in

liquefied material, and in adgas With the kerosene vapor entering thezone of heat decomposition.

Signed at Montclair, .in the county of Esvsex and State of New Jersey,this 2nd day of June, A. D. 19.13.

CARLETON ELLIS. Witnesses:

B. M.'ELL1s, THos. F. ROCHE.. l

